Wynn-Price: Hidden Gem in Garland City

Earlier this month I received a call from a Skip Bernard who was working with a museum organization out of Shreveport, but he lived in Doddridge, Arkansas...to make a long story short, the organization was interested in a historic building in Garland City (in Miller County just east of Texarkana)...this historic home was already on the National Register of Historic Places (since 1992), but it was not in the Arkansas state archaeological site files...moreover, the nomination actually stated that the site could benefit from archaeological work...so they called me...That's how I came to know about the Wynn-Price House.

Last week I met Skip over at the house, and let me say that it a hidden gem in Garland City...to steal words from the AHPP website, "this grand Greek Revival design, luxurious in both plan and elevation, was undoubtedly constructed largely from materials shipped up the Red River from New Orleans and elsewhere (we know that the marble for the two fireplaces was so ordered). The tall imposing two-story portico with its flanking single-story 'temples' must have been one of the most majestic edifices in the region"...it is certainly one of the most complex Greek Revival houses that I have seen in Arkansas...Ironically, I HAVE visited the African-American cemetery associated with the Wynn-Price plantation (known as Wynns Cemetery)....but when I visited it last year (with Anthony Clay Newton), we had no idea that a huge antebellum mansion lay just around the corner...go figure.

The description below is a brief excerpt from the AHPP website entry for the Wynn-Price House...below you also find links to my photographs of the structure and the AHPP entry...I look forward to investigating this house--and its associated plantation--in the near future.

As is frequently the case in Arkansas, attempts to study even significant characters in local or regional antebellum history are frustrated by a lack of primary sources. Reconstructing the life and activities of William Wynn is no different, though we do know through census records, slave ownership records and deed information that he was a successful farmer, and probably growing cotton, the staple crop of the Red River valley during this period. However, when considered within the broader context of American and regional history during the period of 1835 (the first documented date of William Wynn's arrival in the Red River area) to 1861, the primary sources that do survive support certain additional conclusions about Wynn's investment activities and his hopes for the "city" of Garland as a major commercial river and overland transportation crossroads...Though the site probably also retains potential to reveal further information about the occupation of the site by William Wynn, his two sons (the 1840 Lafayette County census indicates two males between the ages of 20 and 30 living with him, though not necessarily at this site) and his slaves, a professional archaeological investigation of the site remains to be done. Such investigation, upon completion, may justify additional areas of significance for the property.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/jcbrandon/sets/72157603949469598/

http://www.arkansaspreservation.org/historic-properties/_search_nomination_popup.asp?id=5

Samuel Dickinson

The below obituary is from the December 14th Hope Star. Sam Dickenson was a legend in Arkansas history and archeological circles...I never got the opportunity to meet him, but I have heard lots of stories....He published several articles with Sam Dellinger in the 1930s and depending who you ask either one "Sam" or the other was "the Father of Arkansas Archeology." Although Dellinger is home likely to be credited by professionals, Dickenson was a home-grown archeologist (unlike Dellinger). He taught history and Spanish at SAU back in when is was "Magnolia A&M"...and even directed the National Youth Administration (the NYA was a WPA-like program for the youth) project to build the Greek Theater still standing on SAU's campus (It's recently been put on the National Register of Historic Places).

PRESCOTT--Samuel Dorris Dickinson, 95, of Prescott, died Friday, November 30, 2007, at a Prescott care and rehab center. He was born February 26, 1912, in Prescott, to Sam P. and Bessie Sue Litton Dickinson. He studied American archaeology, and for several years he was engaged in that profession. He taught at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville and Southern Arkansas University in Magnolia. He was in charge of the University of Arkansas's WPA archaeological laboratory. Then, he turned to journalism and for a total of 28 years, he held the position of associate editor to the Little Rock Arkansas Gazette, the Little Rock Arkansas Democrat, and the Shreveport Journal. In retirement he continued to contribute to archaeological, historical, folklore, and literacy journals, as well as to newspapers and popular magazines. He translated colonial French and Spanish accounts of Louisiana and Arkansas. He published six books and his analysis of Gombo, the African-French dialect spoken by Louisiana slaves, was one of the very few ever published on that subject. Both the Arkansas Preservation Alliance and the Arkansas Historical Association gave him lifetime achievement awards. He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He has been called the ‘Father of Arkansas Archaeology' because his archeological research was the first done in a scientific manner in this state.

Survivors include his caregiver and friend, Ronnie Vandiver, of Prescott. Memorial services will be at 2 p.m., Saturday, December 15, at Brazzel/Cornish Funeral Home Chapel in Prescott, with Mr. Ed Talley officiating. Arrangements are by Brazzel/Cornish Funeral Home in Prescott. In lieu of flowers, memorials may be made to Cammie Henry Room, Eugene Watson Library, Northwestern State University of Louisiana, Natchitoches; Riley-Hickingbotham Library, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia; the First Methodist Church of Prescott, or the Old Washington Foundation, Washington, Arkansas.

Frog Level

The Old Frazier Plantation was built in what was then still part of Lafayette County, Arkansas, in 1852…It still survives, and has become something of a landmark of regional (and in many ways state-level) importance. However, it is known now as “Frog Level.”

William Frazier built this great example of Greek revival architecture, but the current owner is attorney Joe Woodward. Yesterday I visited Frog Level for the second time (the first time was about a year ago when one of my volunteers, Vernon Perry, was initially giving me a tour of the county). Yesterday, I visited because I had run into Mr. Woodward at a historic preservation meeting in Magnolia the night before…he told me that one of the chimneys at Frog Level had fallen during the fierce winds we had had during a storm a few days earlier…He also told me that the insurance adjuster was coming out and that if I wanted to tag along, I was welcome.

So Anthony Clay Netwon (local professional archaeological technician and AAS volunteer) and I headed out to Frog Level for a look around…we got to see what a 1850s chimney fall looks like when it is fresh for a change…although the chimney had been encased in a light concrete-type stucco sometime in the 1940s-50s…beneath the stucco were the handmade bricks…soft-fired with one dry struck surface…the bright orange bricks were made of the local sandy clay and really had very few inclusions (i.e., tempering agents such as fired clay, horse hair, etc.).

Although we had come out to Frog Level to document the fall, we also wanted to look into possibly doing some archeological work at the plantation site….aside from the impressive standing home, there would have been many outbuildings and other structures that served the plantation and surrounding community.

For instance, only a few hundred feet from the house—at its current gated entrance--is a marker designating the place at which the Ferguson and Morgan store once stood. Although most folks in Columbia County think that the house itself served as the first County Courthouse, it was this store that hosted the first terms of County Court (held on March 21, 1853). At the first County Court two men, Ananias Godbolt (whose plantation site is now in Nevada County….I hope to investigate that one as well) and Andrew J. Thompson were appointed commissioners to locate a site for a permanent county seat. They found a higher elevation nearer the center of the new county—the current site of Magnolia, Arkansas.

Not only was this store the “seat of justice” for a brief time in Columbia County, but it also would have been (for a much longer period of time) an important nexus point for the larger community as a place were goods were bought and sold…and a place were neighbors met, information was passed along and, in reality, a community born.

I am very interested in using archaeology to shed some light of the Ferguson and Morgan store…as well as the many other buildings at Frazier Plantation and the other homes that made up the Frog Level community…Frog Level community….that brings me to my final point.

One of the things that clearly impressed me with Mr. Woodward was his ability to cut through many of the myths surrounding Frog Level and to more clearly understand the “history behind the story.” Early avocational historians such as Hattie Kilgore and Mary Davis Woodward used to say that the name "Frog Level" was “first given to the imposing structure by a young attorney, B. F. Askew; the name was chosen because the frogs were so numerous in the bottoms near-by" (Woodward 1949). Both Joe Woodward and I believe that Frog Level was originally a name used to refer to the greater community in the area--the name was probably taken from some settlers past experience in Frog Level, North Carolina (or Virginia, Alabama, Georgia…take your pick)…as the community shrank and moved to Magnolia, the main house at the Frazier Plantation became the only part of Frog Level left…thus the house became known as “Frog Level.”

At any rate, I plan to revisit Frog Level in the fall (when the foliage is gone) and map out the potential locations of outbuildings and other house places…maybe we’ll do our first SAU Spring Break dig at Frog Level…I’ll keep you posted.

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Woodward, Mary Davis
1949 "'Frog Level,' Oldest House in Columbia County," Arkansas Historical Quarterly 8 (Spring 1949): 327-30.

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